Chapter 1 Semiconductor Diodes

• Semiconductor Development
• Semiconductor Applications
• Semiconductor Competition
• Semiconductor Theory
• Figure 1-2.The Composition Of A Simple Helium Atom
• Figure 1-3.Shell Designation
• Energy Bands
• Figure 1-5.The Energy Arrangement In Atoms
• Covalent Bonding
• Figure 1-7.A Typical Crystal Structure
• Conduction Process
• Doping Process
• N-Type Semiconductor
• Semiconductor Diode
• Construction
• Figure 1-14a.The Point-Contact Type Of Diode Construction
• Pn Junction Operation
• Junction Barrier
• Forward Bias
• Reverse Bias.
• Figure 1-19.Reverse-Biased Pn Junction.
• Pn Junction Application
• Figure 1-21b.Simple Half-Wave Rectifier
• Figure 1-22.A Metallic Rectifier.
• Diode Switch
• Diode Characteristics
• Signal Diodes
• Diode Identification
• Figure 1-26.Semiconductor Diode Markings
• Diode Maintenance
• Diode Maintenance-Cont.
• Figure 1-28.Checking A Diode With An Ohmmeter
• Summary
• Electrons Energy Level
• Covalent Bonding
• Doping
• P-Type Semiconductor
• Pn Junction Construction
• Junction Barrier
• Forward Bias
• Pn Junction
• Metallic Rectifier
• Diode Markings
• Diode Maintenance
• Answers To Questions Q1. Through Q36
• Answers To Questions Q1. Through Q36

Chapter 2 Transistors

• Transistor Fundamentals
• Figure 2-2.Transistor Block Diagrams
• Construction
• Figure 2-4.Transistor Constructions
• Transistor Theory
• Npn Forward-Biased Junction
• Npn Reverse-Biased Junction
• Figure 2-6.The Reverse-Biased Junction In An Npn Transistor
• Figure 2-7.Npn Transistor Operation
• Pnp Transistor Operation
• Pnp Forward-Biased Junction
• Pnp Reverse-Biased Junction
• Pnp Junction Interaction
• The Basic Transistor Amplifier
• The Basic Transistor Amplifier-Cont.
• Figure 2-12.The Basic Transistor Amplifier
• Types Of Bias
• Base-Current Bias (Fixed Bias)
• Combination Bias
• Amplifier Classes Of Operation
• Class C Amplifier Operation
• Transistor Configurations
• Common Emitter
• Common Emitter-Cont.
• Common Base
• Common Collector
• Table 2-1.Transistor Configuration Comparison Chart
• Common Collector -Cont.
• Transistor Specifications
• Transistor Maintenance
• Lead Identification
• Transistor Testing
• Testing Transistors With An Ohmmeter
• Transistor Junction Resistance Test
• Table 2-2.Possible Transistor Problems From Ohmmeter Readings
• Microelectronics
• Figure 2-20a.A Typical Printed Circuit Board (Pcb). Front Side
• Figure 2-21.Ics On A Printed Circuit Board
• Microelectronics -Cont.
• Figure 2-23.Common Ic Packaging Styles
• Summary
• Transistor Manufacturing Processes
• Pnp Transistor Operation
• Basic Transistor Amplifier
• Class A Amplifiers
• Class C Amplifiers
• Common-Emitter Configuration (Ce)
• Common-Collector Configuration (Cc)
• Transistors Are Identified
• Transistor Gain Test
• Microelectronics
• Answers To Questions Q1. Through Q42
• Answers To Questions Q1. Through Q42

Chapter 3 Special Devices

• Diodes
• Conduction Band
• Figure 3-2b.-Energy Diagram For Zener Diode
• Figure 3-3.Avalanche Multiplication.
• Figure 3-4c.Schematic Symbols For Zener Diodes
• Figure 3-4e.Schematic Symbols For Zener Diodes
• The Tunnel Diode
• Figure 3-6a.Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With No Bias
• Figure 3-6b.Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With No Bias
• Figure 3-7b.Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With 50 Millivolts Bias
• Figure 3-8a.Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With 450 Millivolts Bias
• Figure 3-9b.Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With 600 Millivolts Bias
• Figure 3-10c.Tunnel Diode Schematic Symbols
• Varactor
• Figure 3-14.Reverse-Biased Pn Junction
• Figure 3-15.Varactor Capacitance Versus Bias Voltage.
• Silicon Controlled Rectifier (Scr)
• Figure 3-17b.Silicon Controlled Rectifier
• Figure 3-18a.Scr Structure
• Figure 3-18c.Scr Structure.
• Figure 3-19.Characteristic Curve For An Scr
• Figure 3-21.Comparison Of An Scr And A Thyratron
• Triac
• Figure 3-24.Back To Back Scr Equivalent Circuit
• Figure 3-25b.Comparison Of Scr And Triac Circuits.
• Optoelectronic Devices
• Figure 3-28b.Seven-Segment Led Display
• Figure 3-29b.Seven-Segment Led Display Examples
• Figure 3-31.Photodiode.
• Figure 3-32.Phototransistor.
• Figure 3-34.Photocell
• Figure 3-37.Optical Coupler.
• Transistors
• Figure 3-39.Transistor And Ujt
• Figure 3-40.Transistor And Ujt Structure
• Figure 3-42b.Ujt Voltage Gradient.
• Field Effect Transistors
• Figure 3-45.Jfet Structure
• Figure 3-46.Symbols And Bias Voltages For Transistors And Jfet.
• Figure 3-48.Jfet With Reverse Bias
• Figure 3-49.Jfet Input Impedance.
• Figure 3-51.Jfet Common Source Amplifier
• Figure 3-52c.Mosfet Symbols
• Figure 3-53.Mosfet Structure
• Figure 3-54a.Effects Of Bias On N-Channel Depletion Mosfet
• Figure 3-54c.Effects Of Bias On N-Channel Depletion Mosfet
• Figure 3-55b.Effects Of Bias On N-Channel Enhancement Mosfet
• Figure 3-56.Induced Channel Mosfet Construction.
• Figure 3-58.Mosfet Shorting Spring.
• Summary
• Varactor
• Optoelectronic Devices
• Answers To Questions Q1. Through Q44
• Answers To Questions Q1. Through Q44

Chapter 4 Solid-State Power Supplies

• Figure 4-1b.Block Diagram Of A Basic Power Supply
• The Power Transformer
• The Rectifier
• Rms, Peak, And Average Values
• Ripple Frequency
• The Conventional Full-Wave Rectifier
• A Practical Full-Wave Rectifier
• Figure 4-7.Peak And Average Values For A Full-Wave Rectifier.
• The Bridge Rectifier
• Figure 4-8.Bridge Rectifier
• Filters
• Figure 4-10a.Capacitor Filter. Fast Charge
• Figure 4-10b.Capacitor Filter. Slow Discharge
• Figure 4-11.Rc Time Constant.
• Figure 4-13.Inductive Filter (Expanding Field)
• The Capacitor Filter
• Figure 4-16b.Half-Wave Rectifier With And Without Filtering. Filtered
• Figure 4-17a.Capacitor Filter Circuit (Positive And Negative Half Cycles). Positive Half-Cycle
• Figure 4-17b.Capacitor Filter Circuit (Positive And Negative Half Cycles). Negative Half-Cycle
• Halfwave Rectifier
• 14179_192
• Lc Choke-Input Filter
• Figure 4-20a.Lc Choke-Input Filter (Charge And Discharge Paths). Charge Path
• Figure 4-21.Lc Choke-Input Filter
• Figure 4-22.Filtering Action Of The Lc Choke-Input Filter
• Figure 4-23.Half-Wave Rectifier With An Lc Choke-Input Filter
• Figure 4-24.Ac Component In An Lc Choke-Input Filter
• Figure 4-26.Dc Component In An Lc Choke-Input Filter
• Failure Analysis Of An Lc Choke-Input Filter
• Resistor-Capacitor (Rc) Filters
• Figure 4-28.Rc Filter And Waveforms
• Failure Analysis Of The Resistor-Capacitor (Rc) Filter
• Figure 4-29.Lc Filter And Waveforms
• Voltage Regulation
• Regulators
• Series And Shunt Voltage Regulators
• Figure 4-32.Series Voltage Regulator
• Series And Shunt Voltage Regulators
• Figure 4-34.Series Voltage Regulator
• Figure 4-36a.Series Voltage Regulator. Increase In Output
• Figure 4-37.Shunt Voltage Regulator
• Figure 4-39a.Shunt Voltage Regulator. Increase In Output Voltage
• Current Regulators
• Figure 4-41.Current Regulator
• Voltage Multipliers
• Figure 4-44.Half-Wave Voltage Doubler.
• Figure 4-45a.Rectifier Action Of Cr1 And Cr2. Positive Alternation
• Figure 4-47.Half-Wave Voltage Tripler
• Figure 4-48a.Voltage Tripler. Positive Alternation
• Short Circuit Protection
• Troubleshooting Power Supplies
• Testing
• Figure 4-51.Complete Power Supply (Without Regulator)
• Component Problems
• Capacitor And Resistor Troubles-Cont.
• Summary
• Bridge Rectifiers
• Inductor Filters
• Series Regulator
• Answers To Questions Q1. Through Q43
• Answers To Questions Q1. Through Q43

Appendix I Glossary

• Appendix I Glossary
• Appendix I Glossary
• Appendix I Glossary
• Appendix I Glossary
• Appendix I Glossary
• Appendix I Glossary

Appendix Ii Periodic Table Of The Elements

• Appendix Ii Periodic Table Of The Elements
• Appendix Ii Periodic Table Of The Elements
• Appendix Ii Periodic Table Of The Elements
• Appendix Ii Periodic Table Of The Elements

Module 7  Index

• Module 7  Index
• Module 7  Index

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