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Figure 3-4C.Schematic symbols for Zener diodes
The Tunnel Diode

Neets Module 07-Introduction to Solid-State Devices and Power Supplies
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3-7 Figure 3-4D.—Schematic symbols for Zener diodes. Figure 3-4E.—Schematic symbols for Zener diodes. Zener diodes of various sorts are used for many purposes, but their most widespread use is as voltage regulators. Once the breakdown voltage of a Zener diode is reached, the voltage across the diode remains almost constant regardless of the supply voltage. Therefore they hold the voltage across the load at a constant level. This characteristic makes Zener diodes ideal voltage regulators, and they are found in almost all solid-state circuits in this capacity. Q1.   In a reverse biased PN-junction, which current carriers cause leakage current? Q2.   The action of a PN-junction during breakdown can be explained by what two theories? Q3.   Which breakdown theory explains the action that takes place in a heavily doped PN-junction with a reverse bias of less than 5 volts? Q4.   What is the doping level of an avalanche effect diode when compared to the doping level of a Zener-effect diode? Q5.   During avalanche effect breakdown, what limits current flow through the diode?






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