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BANDWIDTH LIMITATIONS
Figure 3-18.Closed-loop frequency-response curve for gain of 100

Neets Module 08-Introduction to Amplifiers
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3-26 configuration. The UNITY GAIN POINT, where the signal out will have the same amplitude as the signal in (the point at which the gain of the amplifier is 1), is 1 megahertz for the amplifier. As you can see, the frequency response of this amplifier drops off quite rapidly. Figure 3-17.—Open-loop frequency-response curve. Figure 3-17 is the open-loop frequency-response curve. You have been told that most operational amplifiers are used in a closed-loop configuration. When you look at the frequency-response curve for a closed-loop configuration, one of the most interesting and important aspects of the operational amplifier becomes apparent: The use of degenerative feedback increases the bandwidth of an operational amplifier circuit. This phenomenon is another example of the difference between the operational amplifier itself and the operational-amplifier circuit (which includes the components in addition to the operational amplifier). You should also be able to see that the external resistors not only affect the gain of the circuit, but the bandwidth as well. You might wonder exactly how the gain and bandwidth of a closed-loop, operational-amplifier circuit are related. Figure 3-18 should help to show you the relationship. The frequency-response curve shown in figure 3-18 is for a circuit in which degenerative feedback has been used to decrease the circuit gain to 100 (from 100,000 for the operational amplifier). Notice that the half-power point of this curve is just slightly above 10 kilohertz.






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