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DETERMINING CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE-Cont.
Figure 3-24.Reflection from an open-ended line.

Neets Module 10-Introduction to Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and Antennas
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3-28 REFLECTIONS ON A TRANSMISSION LINE Transmission line characteristics are based on an infinite line. A line cannot always be terminated in its characteristic impedance since it is sometimes operated as an OPEN-ENDED line and other times as a SHORT-CIRCUIT at the receiving end. If the line is open-ended, it has a terminating impedance that is infinitely large. If a line is not terminated in characteristic impedance, it is said to be finite. When a line is not terminated in Z0, the incident energy is not absorbed but is returned along the only path available—the transmission line. Thus, the behavior of a finite line may be quite different from that of the infinite line. REFLECTION OF DC VOLTAGE FROM AN OPEN CIRCUIT The equivalent circuit of an open-ended transmission line is shown in figure 3-24, view A. Again, losses are to be considered as negligible, and L is lumped in one branch. Assume that (1) the battery in this circuit has an internal impedance equal to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line (Zi = Z0); (2) the capacitors in the line are not charged before the battery is connected; and (3) since the line is open-ended, the terminating impedance is infinitely large.






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